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Fibrosis and bone marrow: understanding causation and pathobiology.

Kanjaksha Ghosh1, Durjoy K Shome2, Bipin Kulkarni3

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Bone marrow fibrosis arises from complex interactions involving growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Mesenchymal stem cells transform into fibroblasts, initiating fibrogenesis in the bone marrow.

Keywords:
EpigeneticsHaemopoietic stem cellsMegakaryocytesMesenchymal stem cellsMyelofibrosisParathormoneSignal transductionTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pathology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bone marrow fibrosis is a significant structural alteration impacting marrow function.
  • The precise causes of bone marrow fibrosis, particularly in its primary form, remain incompletely understood.
  • This review synthesitsizes current knowledge on the pathogenesis of marrow fibrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate and review the current understanding of bone marrow fibrosis.
  • To explore the complex interactions and mechanisms underlying fibrogenesis in the bone marrow.
  • To identify key cellular and molecular players involved in the development of bone marrow fibrosis.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed without time restrictions.
  • Keywords included 'bone marrow,' 'fibrosis,' 'growth factors,' 'cytokines,' 'chemokines,' 'mesenchymal stem cells,' and related terms.
  • Relevant papers on tissue marrow fibrosis were selected and analyzed for the review.

Main Results:

  • Bone marrow fibrosis results from intricate interactions among growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and hormones.
  • Fibrogenesis is triggered by the mobilization and differentiation of specific mesenchymal stem cell subsets into fibroblasts.
  • Stimuli for fibrosis can originate from neoplastic cells, immune cells in infections/inflammation, and autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • Bone marrow fibrosis is a multifactorial process involving complex cellular and molecular crosstalk.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role, differentiating into fibroblasts and driving fibrogenesis.
  • Megakaryocytes and platelets are implicated as direct or intermediary stimulators of mesenchymal stem cells in this process.