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Selective mutism in immigrant families: An ecocultural perspective.
Ortal Slobodin1, Maayan Shorer2,3, Gilor Friedman-Zeltzer4
1School of Education, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Transcultural Psychiatry
|October 10, 2023
Summary
Selective mutism (SM) is more common in immigrant children. Anxiety is a key predictor, but immigration factors like bilingualism and low income also increase SM symptoms, aiding early identification.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Selective mutism (SM) is diagnosed more frequently in immigrant children, yet the specific links remain unclear.
- Ecocultural models emphasize the interplay of individual, family, and environmental factors in child development.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for addressing disparities in SM diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a theory-based description of selective mutism (SM).
- To investigate individual, family, and contextual risk factors associated with SM.
- To examine the role of immigration background in the manifestation of SM symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study comparing children with SM and typically developing children.
- Inclusion of participants with and without an immigration background.
- Analysis of predictors including anxiety, immigration status, bilingualism, and family income.
Main Results:
- Anxiety was identified as the primary predictor of SM symptoms, independent of immigration status.
- Immigration background, particularly when combined with bilingualism and low family income, significantly predicted higher SM symptom levels.
- These multi-level factors contribute to understanding SM in diverse populations.
Conclusions:
- Anxiety is a core factor in selective mutism, but immigration-related stressors also play a significant role.
- Immigration, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status are critical considerations for SM in diverse children.
- Identifying multi-level predictors can enhance early detection and intervention strategies for SM in culturally and linguistically diverse populations.
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