Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

364
Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
364
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

1.0K
A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neurobiological after-effects and clinical efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same author

Eye-Tracking Assessment in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A Systematic Review.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Neural Correlates of Inhibitory Control in Impulsivity Traits in Non-Ecological Human-Computer Tasks: An ALE Meta-Analysis.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Evolution of the frontal aslant tract and implications for primate vocalization and human speech.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Choanal atresia repair in Europe and the world - a comprehensive investigation of the current state of care.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same author

Development and Evaluation of a Radiomics-Based 3D Volumetric and Densitometric Tomographic Scoring System for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis: A Comparative Analysis.

Journal of personalized medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development
06:19

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development

Published on: April 19, 2024

798

Normative data for interpreting the SNOT-22.

Michaela Plath1, Matthias Sand2, Carlo Cavaliere3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Otorinolaringologia E Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale
|October 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes the first German normative scores for the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22), crucial for interpreting patient quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis. The findings provide a vital clinical reference point for healthcare professionals.

Keywords:
Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22chronic rhinosinusitisfunctional endoscopic sinus surgerynormative scorepatient-reported outcome measures

More Related Videos

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
07:27

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

Published on: August 19, 2020

11.5K
Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development
06:19

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development

Published on: April 19, 2024

798
How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
07:27

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

Published on: August 19, 2020

11.5K
Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Quality of Life Research
  • Medical Statistics

Background:

  • The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) is a key patient-reported outcome measure for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • Lack of published normative SNOT-22 scores hinders accurate interpretation of patient data.
  • Establishing normative values is essential for clinical benchmarking and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the first published normative SNOT-22 scores for a German population.
  • To provide a reference point for interpreting SNOT-22 results in clinical practice.
  • To explore the underlying domains of the SNOT-22 instrument.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of SNOT-22 symptom scores from 1,000 healthy European participants.
  • Utilized principal component analysis (PCA) and exploratory factor analyses for data interpretation.
  • The reference cohort was representative of the German population distribution.

Main Results:

  • The overall normative SNOT-22 score was determined to be 20.2 ± 19.44.
  • Males and older participants (>50 years) reported lower mean scores, indicating higher satisfaction.
  • PCA identified two domains: 'physiological well-being' and 'psychological well-being', explaining 65% of the variance.

Conclusions:

  • These findings present the first German normative data for the SNOT-22.
  • The established scores offer a valuable clinical reference for interpreting patient-reported outcomes in CRS.
  • The identified SNOT-22 domains enhance understanding of its structure and application.