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Incidence and Impact of Acute Pericarditis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

Pengyang Li1, Ao Shi2,3, Xiaojia Lu4

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|October 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Acute pericarditis (AP) is a rare cardiovascular complication in COVID-19 patients. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and AP experienced higher mortality and severe complications compared to those without AP.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Acute pericarditis (AP) is a recognized cardiovascular complication in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • The incidence, complications, and clinical impact of AP in hospitalized COVID-19 patients require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence of AP in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • To evaluate the associated complications and clinical outcomes of AP in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample 2020 database.
  • International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10) codes identified patients with COVID-19, with or without AP.
  • Propensity-score matching was employed to compare outcomes between AP and non-AP groups, adjusting for demographics and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • A total of 211,619 COVID-19 patients were analyzed, with 983 (0.46%) diagnosed with AP.
  • After propensity-score matching, patients with COVID-19 and AP exhibited significantly higher rates of mortality (21.3% vs. 11.1%), cardiac arrest (5.0% vs. 2.6%), cardiogenic shock (4.2% vs. 0.5%), ventricular arrhythmia (4.7% vs. 1.9%), acute kidney injury (38.3% vs. 28.9%), and acute congestive heart failure (14.3% vs. 4.8%).
  • COVID-19 patients with AP also experienced a longer length of hospital stay (7.00±10.00 days vs. 5.00±7.00 days) and higher total charges compared to the non-AP group.

Conclusions:

  • Acute pericarditis is an infrequent but severe in-hospital complication among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
  • The presence of AP in COVID-19 patients is strongly associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes, including increased mortality and major cardiac events.

Keywords:
COVID‐19acute pericarditisin‐hospital complicationsmortality

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