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Related Concept Videos

Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
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Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

Gastric Phase of Digestion

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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Stomach pH Regulation01:21

Stomach pH Regulation

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The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
The acid-secreting gastric mucosal epithelial cells (parietal cells) lining the stomach lumen maintain the low pH in the lumen. Numerous ion transporters and channels on these parietal...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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One-anastomosis Gastric Bypass OAGB in Rats
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Gastruloid optimization.

Lara Avni1, Naama Farag1, Binita Ghosh1

  • 1School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences
|October 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastruloids, models of early development, often show variability. This study defines variability sources and proposes methods to control it, improving their use in research and medicine.

Keywords:
gastruloidoptimizationvariability

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Gastruloids are a promising model for studying early embryonic development.
  • High variability in gastruloid models hinders their reliability and application.
  • Understanding and controlling this variability is crucial for advancing developmental biology research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and categorize different levels of gastruloid variability.
  • To identify sources contributing to gastruloid developmental variability.
  • To propose strategies for controlling and reducing variability in gastruloid models.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic definition of gastruloid variability parameters.
  • Analysis of potential sources of variability in gastruloid development.
  • Case study: Harnessing gastruloid-to-gastruloid variation to identify drivers of endoderm morphology.
  • Development of interventions to steer gastruloid morphological outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Established a framework for quantifying gastruloid variability at multiple levels.
  • Identified key factors influencing definitive endoderm morphology by analyzing inter-gastruloid variation.
  • Demonstrated successful interventions to guide gastruloid development towards desired morphological outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Controlling gastruloid variability enhances their utility as a model system.
  • Reduced variability will improve the reproducibility and predictive power of gastruloid research.
  • Optimized gastruloid models hold significant potential for basic science and biomedical applications.