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Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Solvent-Free Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of Heteroaryl Chlorides by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Palladium Complex
Jia-Sheng Ouyang1,2, Xinhuan Zhang1, Bendu Pan1
1School of Chemistry, IGCME, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Abstract:
Using the robust N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium complex (SIPr)Ph2Pd(cin)Cl, a highly efficient and easy-to-operate method has been developed at room temperature for the solvent-free Buchwald-Hartwig amination of heteroaryl chlorides with various amines. The amount of catalyst can be as low as 0.05 wt %. The system was demonstrated on 47 substrates and successfully applied to the synthesis of commercial pharmaceuticals and candidate drugs with high yields. Furthermore, the protocol can be used to prepare aniline derivatives on a multigram scale without yield loss.
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