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Archaeological approaches to RNA virus evolution.

Ascensión Ariza-Mateos1,2, Carlos Briones3, Celia Perales2,4

  • 1Laboratory of RNA Archaeology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra' (CSIC), Granada, Spain.

The Journal of Physiology
|October 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

mRNA archaeology uncovers ancient RNA structural relics, revealing common evolutionary origins in cellular and viral life. These functional elements offer insights into early biological signals, independent of direct genetic lineage.

Keywords:
RNA archaeologyRNA virusRNase PRNase‐IIIUV‐C‐lightmRNApalimpsestviral‐quasispecies

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Certain structural elements in cellular and viral RNAs lack shared primary structure but exhibit conserved secondary/tertiary folds.
  • These conserved RNA structures suggest potential ancient, common evolutionary origins.
  • The concept of 'mRNA archaeology' explores these relics for insights into early cellular and viral evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ancient structural/functional RNA relics within mRNA and viral RNA molecules.
  • To explore the evolutionary significance of conserved RNA secondary/tertiary structures.
  • To link RNA structure analysis with communication and language theories in virology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing RNA enzymes (ribozymes) and protein enzymes to study RNA element reactivity.
  • Employing comparative analysis of RNA secondary and tertiary structures.
  • Investigating RNA elements that do not require strict primary sequence continuity for evolutionary tracking.

Main Results:

  • Identified conserved RNA structural folds in mRNAs and viral RNAs, independent of primary sequence.
  • Demonstrated that these structural elements may represent ancient biological signals with functional relevance.
  • Highlighted the distinct methodology of RNA archaeology compared to traditional phylogenetic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • RNA archaeology provides a novel approach to understanding early RNA evolution and function.
  • Conserved RNA structures serve as relics of ancient biological communication and function.
  • This field offers new perspectives on virology by integrating structural analysis with communication theories.