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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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High Throughput Co-culture Assays for the Investigation of Microbial Interactions
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Competitive interactions facilitate resistance development against antimicrobials.

Luka Svet1, Ilse Parijs1, Simon Isphording2

  • 1Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|October 11, 2023
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Summary

Social interactions in bacterial biofilms accelerate antimicrobial resistance evolution. Mixed-species communities, unlike single-species ones, enabled Pseudomonas rhodesiae to rapidly develop resistance to sulfathiazole, highlighting community effects on evolution.

Keywords:
biofilmsdrug resistance evolutionintermicrobial interactionsmicrobial communitiesmicrobial ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bacterial Genetics

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) evolution is primarily studied in isolated bacteria, neglecting complex biofilm community dynamics.
  • Biofilms, dense microbial communities, present unique environments where social interactions may influence AMR.
  • Understanding AMR in mixed-species biofilms is crucial for clinical and industrial settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how social interactions in a two-species biofilm affect antimicrobial resistance development.
  • To determine the influence of *Raoultella terrigena* on the adaptation of *Pseudomonas rhodesiae* to sulfathiazole.
  • To elucidate the evolutionary pathways leading to antimicrobial resistance in a community context.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and cultivation of dual-species biofilms using *Pseudomonas rhodesiae* and *Raoultella terrigena*.
  • Exposure of mono- and dual-species biofilms to the antimicrobial sulfathiazole.
  • Whole genome sequencing of resistant *P. rhodesiae* isolates.
  • Experimental exclusion of factors like increased population size, mutation rate, and horizontal gene transfer.

Main Results:

  • *Pseudomonas rhodesiae* rapidly evolved resistance to sulfathiazole in dual-species biofilms, but not in mono-species biofilms.
  • The presence of *Raoultella terrigena* was essential for the initial acquisition of resistance by *P. rhodesiae*.
  • Resistance mechanisms in *P. rhodesiae* did not directly depend on *R. terrigena*, suggesting indirect community effects.
  • Whole genome sequencing revealed complex interactions of low-frequency mutations rather than specific hot spots for resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Community interactions significantly enhance antimicrobial resistance evolution in bacteria.
  • Social dynamics within biofilms create novel evolutionary trajectories for AMR.
  • Considering microbial community structure is vital for predicting and managing antimicrobial resistance.