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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
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Pictorial depth cues always influence reaching distance.

Robert D McIntosh1, Matthew H Iveson2, Sebastian Sandoval Similä1

  • 1Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.

Neuropsychologia
|October 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pictorial depth cues, specifically background convergence, significantly influence reaching distance in healthy individuals. This effect is robust across various conditions, including visual feedback during the reach.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Depth perception is crucial for visually guided actions like reaching.
  • The role of pictorial depth cues in modulating reaching behavior is not fully understood.
  • Previous research suggests potential involvement of ventral and dorsal visual streams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of pictorial depth cues on the amplitude of reaching movements.
  • To determine the specific components of pictorial depth that affect reaching.
  • To explore how factors like visual feedback and visual agnosia impact this influence.

Main Methods:

  • Projecting backgrounds with linear perspective and texture gradients onto a tabletop.
  • Measuring reaching amplitudes to targets within these projected backgrounds in healthy participants and a patient with visual agnosia.
  • Manipulating viewing conditions (monocular), response hand, memory delay, and visual feedback.

Main Results:

  • A clear effect of pictorial depth on reaching was observed, driven by background pattern convergence.
  • Each degree of pictorial convergence increased reaching distance by 0.5 mm.
  • The effect was not altered by monocular viewing, left-hand response, or memory delay.
  • Visual feedback during the reach, but not terminal feedback, mitigated the effect.
  • Patient DF with visual form agnosia showed a normal response to pictorial depth cues.

Conclusions:

  • Pictorial depth cues, particularly convergence, significantly modulate reaching amplitude.
  • The findings challenge the notion that pictorial depth effects on reaching originate solely from ventral stream analyses.
  • The results support the involvement of dorsal stream or earlier visual processing stages in integrating pictorial depth for action.
  • Visual feedback during movement is critical for calibrating reaching based on pictorial depth.