Single-atom nanozymes: classification, regulation strategy, and safety concerns

Area of Science:

• Materials Science & Nanotechnology
• Catalysis & Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzymatic activity, face challenges like complex composition and low active site density.
• Traditional nanozymes exhibit limited substrate selectivity, hindering their widespread application and development.
• Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) emerge as a promising alternative, featuring atomically dispersed active sites.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and categorize single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) based on their support materials.
• To detail the diverse applications and catalytic advantages offered by SAzymes.
• To discuss strategies for regulating SAzyme activity and address associated biosafety concerns.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review and categorization of SAzymes by support type.
• Analysis of SAzyme properties, including atom utilization, cost, and active site characteristics.
• Discussion of activity regulation strategies and biosafety considerations for SAzymes.

Main Results:

• SAzymes demonstrate exceptional catalytic performance due to maximum atom utilization and well-defined active sites.
• Categorization reveals diverse SAzyme applications across various fields.
• Effective strategies for modulating SAzyme activity are identified.

Conclusions:

• SAzymes represent a significant advancement in nanozyme technology, overcoming limitations of traditional nanozymes.
• Their unique advantages position them as leading catalysts for future applications.
• Further research into SAzyme activity regulation and biosafety is crucial for their maturation and acceptance.