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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Hypoxia-Sensitive CAR-T Therapy for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy

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Probiotic-guided CAR-T cells for solid tumor targeting.

Rosa L Vincent¹, Candice R Gurbatri¹, Fangda Li²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 12, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered bacteria deliver synthetic targets to tumors, guiding chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells for antigen-agnostic cancer cell killing. This probiotic-guided CAR-T cell (ProCAR) therapy shows promise in preclinical cancer models.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Microbiology
Immunotherapy

Background:

Solid tumor targeting therapies face challenges due to tumor heterogeneity and lack of specific antigens.
Bacteria can selectively colonize tumors and serve as engineered therapeutic delivery platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel platform combining probiotics and CAR-T cells for targeted cancer therapy.
To overcome limitations of antigen-specific targeting in solid tumors.

Main Methods:

Engineered probiotics to release synthetic tumor targets.
Developed probiotic-guided CAR-T cells (ProCARs) for in situ tumor labeling and lysis.
Tested ProCARs in xenograft and syngeneic models of human and mouse cancers.
Engineered probiotics to co-release chemokines for enhanced CAR-T cell recruitment.

Main Results:

ProCARs demonstrated CAR-T cell activation and antigen-agnostic tumor cell lysis.
The system was safe and effective in multiple preclinical cancer models.
Multifunctional probiotics enhanced CAR-T cell recruitment and therapeutic response.

Conclusions:

Probiotic-guided CAR-T cells offer a viable strategy for targeting solid tumors.
This approach enables antigen-independent cancer cell killing and enhances immunotherapy.
Further development of engineered probiotics can improve CAR-T cell-based cancer therapies.