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Equilibria and oscillations in cheat-cooperator dynamics.

Ming Liu1, Geoff Wild2, Stuart A West1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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|October 13, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cheaters threaten cooperation, but their population dynamics vary. Periodic bottlenecks and density-dependent selection are key to cyclical oscillations in cheat-cooperator interactions, not frequency-dependent selection alone.

Keywords:
cyclic dynamicsdensity dependencefrequency dependencepopulation bottleneckserial passagestochastic group formation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Theoretical ecology
  • Game theory

Background:

  • Cooperative societies face threats from 'cheaters' who exploit others.
  • Observed cheat-cooperator dynamics vary widely across different organisms and systems.
  • The underlying factors driving these diverse dynamics remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model identifying factors that determine cheat-cooperator dynamics.
  • To distinguish conditions leading to stable equilibria versus cyclical oscillations.
  • To provide experimentally testable hypotheses for cheat-cooperator dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical model analyzing cheat-cooperator population dynamics.
  • Inclusion of factors such as periodic population bottlenecks, density-dependent selection, and frequency-dependent selection.
  • Analysis of the impact of stochastic group formation (demographic stochasticity).

Main Results:

  • Cyclical oscillations in cheat-cooperator dynamics require a combination of periodic population bottlenecks and density-dependent selection.
  • Frequency-dependent selection influences oscillation amplitude but does not solely cause oscillations.
  • Demographic stochasticity can generate distinct oscillation patterns over longer timescales.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic bottlenecks and density-dependent selection are critical for generating cyclical cheat-cooperator dynamics.
  • The interplay of ecological and evolutionary factors shapes the stability of cooperation.
  • This study offers a framework for empirical investigation into the maintenance of cooperation and the evolution of cheating.