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Cellular migration into a subretinal honeycomb-shaped prosthesis for high-resolution prosthetic vision.

Mohajeet B Bhuckory1,2, Bing-Yi Wang1,3, Zhijie Charles Chen1,4

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New 3-D subretinal prostheses with honeycomb electrodes enable finer visual acuity. Retinal cells migrate into wells, preserving natural signal processing for improved prosthetic vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Subretinal photovoltaic implants offer potential for vision restoration in geographic atrophy.
  • Current flat pixel designs are limited to 75 µm, restricting visual acuity improvements.
  • 3-dimensional (3-D) electrode shaping can overcome pixel size limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of 3-D electrodes with honeycomb structures for subretinal prostheses.
  • To assess retinal cell migration and its impact on signal processing.
  • To evaluate the visual acuity achievable with smaller pixel dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a subretinal implant with 3-D electrodes featuring honeycomb-shaped wells.
  • Analysis of inner retinal neuron migration into the 25 µm deep wells.
  • Assessment of glial response and electrical excitability of the retina.
  • Measurement of grating acuity in rats with varying pixel sizes (down to 20 µm).

Main Results:

  • The majority of inner retinal neurons migrated into the honeycomb wells, leaving third-order neurons outside.
  • Selective stimulation of second-order neurons was achieved, preserving intraretinal processing.
  • Glial response was comparable to flat implants, indicating no additional stress.
  • Grating acuity matched pixel pitch down to 40 µm and reached 27 µm with 20 µm pixels.

Conclusions:

  • 3-D subretinal prostheses with honeycomb electrodes allow for cellular-dimension pixel sizes.
  • This approach preserves natural intraretinal signal processing for enhanced prosthetic vision.
  • The findings support the development of next-generation subretinal prostheses with significantly improved visual acuity.