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Plant Cell-Engineered Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated to Quercetin Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 Entry.

James Elste1, Sangeeta Kumari2, Nilesh Sharma3

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Plant cell-engineered gold nanoparticles conjugated with quercetin show potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 by inhibiting viral entry and replication. This discovery opens new avenues for developing novel antiviral therapeutics.

Keywords:
nanoparticlesviral entryvirus host cell interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Metal nanomaterials, particularly biologically prepared ones, show promise as antivirals.
  • Plant cell-engineered gold nanoparticles (pAuNPs) offer a novel platform for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antiviral efficacy of plant cell-engineered gold nanoparticles (pAuNPs) and their quercetin conjugate (pAuNPsQ).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which pAuNPsQ inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of plant cell-engineered gold nanoparticles (pAuNPs) and their conjugation with quercetin (pAuNPsQ).
  • Assessment of pAuNPsQ's effect on SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 viral entry into host cells.
  • Evaluation of pAuNPsQ's impact on HSV-1 replication using plaque-counting assays.
  • Comparison with chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles (cAuNPs).

Main Results:

  • pAuNPsQ preferentially inhibited cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1.
  • For SARS-CoV-2, pAuNPsQ inhibited viral entry when cells were pre-treated, but not when the virus was pre-treated.
  • pAuNPsQ effectively blocked HSV-1 entry via cell pre-treatment or virus neutralization and significantly inhibited HSV-1 replication.
  • Chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles showed comparable antiviral effects.

Conclusions:

  • Plant cell-based gold nanoparticles conjugated with quercetin represent a promising novel antiviral strategy.
  • pAuNPsQ demonstrates versatile mechanisms against different viruses, inhibiting entry and replication.
  • This approach highlights the potential of plant cell-based nanomaterial fabrication for developing advanced antiviral formulations.