Primary Cutaneous Cryptococcosis in an Immunocompetent Patient: Diagnostic Workflow and Choice of Treatment

Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients, involving mainly the lungs and central nervous system; however, the skin, eyes and genitourinary tract could also be involved as secondary sites of infection. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) is a distinct clinical entity that can occur in both immunocompetent and -compromised patients, usually trough skin injury. In immunocompetent patients, it is a very rare infection, presenting with non-specific clinical pictures and being challenging to diagnose. Herein, we present the case of an immunocompetent man with PCC due to Cryptococcus neoformans on his right forearm. PCC was diagnosed by a histological and cultural examination. Causes of concomitant immunosuppression were ruled out. A secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis was excluded with careful investigations. Therapy with oral fluconazole for three months was successfully performed, without evidence of recurrence in the following six months. Complete clinical recovery was achieved after three months of oral antifungal therapy, suggesting that longer courses of treatment could be avoided when faced with PCC in immunocompetent patients.