Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

88
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
88
PI Controller: Design01:24

PI Controller: Design

313
Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
313
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

256
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
256
Control System Problem01:21

Control System Problem

121
In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
121
Electrical Systems01:21

Electrical Systems

397
In electrical engineering, the analysis of networks composed of passive linear components — resistors (R), capacitors (C), and inductors (L) — is fundamental. These components are organized into circuits where the relationship between input and output can be analyzed using transfer functions. The transfer function of an RLC circuit, which relates the voltage across a capacitor to the input voltage, can be derived using Kirchhoff's laws.
To derive the transfer function, consider...
397
Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

83
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
83

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A UAV Testbed for Diagnosing Hardware Vulnerabilities: Quantifying Sim-to-Real Discrepancies in PX4 Flight Logs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

FedECPA: An Efficient Countermeasure Against Scaling-Based Model Poisoning Attacks in Blockchain-Based Federated Learning.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Efficient and Accurate Zero-Day Electricity Theft Detection from Smart Meter Sensor Data Using Prototype and Ensemble Learning.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Real-Time Anomaly Detection in Physiological Parameters: A Multi-Squad Monitoring and Communication Architecture.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

CANGuard: An Enhanced Approach to the Detection of Anomalies in CAN-Enabled Vehicles.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Privacy-Preserving Detection of Tampered Radio-Frequency Transmissions Utilizing Federated Learning in LoRa Networks.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same journal

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. A Novel Framework for Reconstruction and Imaging of Target Scattering Centers via Wide-Angle Incidence in Radar Networks. <i>Sensors</i> 2025, <i>25</i>, 6802.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Enhancing Unsupervised Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification via Mixture of Experts and Graph-Based Relation.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development of an Instrumented Glove for Palmar Pressure Assessment in Kayakers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development and Experimental Validation of an Autonomous IoT-Based Monitoring System for Real-Time Water Quality Assessment in the Amazon River.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Semi-Supervised Adversarial Learning Framework for Controller Area Network Bus Intrusion Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Smart Optimization Method for Safety Signs in Innovative Manufacturing Environments Integrating Industrial Field IoT Sensors and Knowledge Graphs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions
07:46

Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions

Published on: April 20, 2016

6.2K

CANAttack: Assessing Vulnerabilities within Controller Area Network.

Damilola Oladimeji1, Amar Rasheed1, Cihan Varol1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals critical security flaws in the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, a vital automotive communication system. Attackers can exploit message arbitration to inject malicious data, leading to vehicle disruption and potential safety risks.

Keywords:
Controller Area Network (CAN)autonomous systemsintrusionsecurityvulnerability andthreat modeling

More Related Videos

Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing
07:13

Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.2K
Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
15:05

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons

Published on: February 5, 2015

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions
07:46

Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions

Published on: April 20, 2016

6.2K
Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing
07:13

Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.2K
Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
15:05

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons

Published on: February 5, 2015

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Automotive Cybersecurity
  • Network Protocols
  • Embedded Systems Security

Background:

  • Modern vehicles utilize electronic control units (ECUs) communicating via in-vehicle networks.
  • The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a prevalent protocol for intra-vehicle communication.
  • Increasing vehicle sophistication correlates with a rise in cyber-attack vectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a security vulnerability analysis of the CAN bus protocol.
  • To propose and evaluate an attack scenario exploiting the CAN bus arbitration feature.
  • To assess the impact of such attacks on vehicle operations and safety.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a CAN bus simulation environment for security analysis.
  • Designed an attack scenario focusing on message ID spoofing and injection.
  • Analyzed the arbitration mechanism to understand message prioritization during attacks.
  • Measured system latency under simulated attack conditions.

Main Results:

  • An attacker can spoof message identifiers to gain priority on the CAN bus.
  • Continuous injection of spoofed messages can block legitimate traffic, causing Denial of Service (DoS).
  • The compromised node achieved lower latency, indicating control over message transmission.
  • Identified significant risks including message spoofing, injection, and DoS vulnerabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The CAN bus arbitration mechanism is vulnerable to manipulation by attackers.
  • Exploiting these vulnerabilities can lead to severe disruption of vehicle functions and compromise safety.
  • Enhanced security measures are crucial for protecting CAN-enabled automotive systems.