RvE1 Promotes Axin2+ Cell Regeneration and Reduces Bacterial Invasion

Area of Science:

• Endodontics
• Regenerative Medicine
• Immunology

Background:

• Root canal therapy (RCT) for irreversible pulpitis has limitations, including increased root fracture risk and inability to achieve pulp regeneration.
• Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), like resolvins, are known for their roles in inflammation resolution and tissue regeneration.
• Resolvins have demonstrated potential in promoting dental pulp regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the cellular targets of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) in dental pulp regeneration.
• To evaluate the impact of RvE1 on infected dental pulps.
• To explore RvE1 as a potential therapeutic agent for endodontic diseases.

Main Methods:

• Utilized an Axin2-tdTomato mouse model to study RvE1 effects on experimentally exposed pulps with and without infection.
• Assessed RvE1's impact on cultured mouse dental pulp stem cells (mDPSCs) following lipopolysaccharide stimulation.
• Evaluated RvE1's effects on inflammatory infiltration, bacterial invasion, and apical periodontitis in infected pulps.

Main Results:

• RvE1 promoted Axin2-tdTomato+ cell expansion and odontoblastic differentiation in direct pulp capping models.
• In mDPSCs, RvE1 enhanced proliferation, odontoblastic differentiation, and rescued LPS-impaired functions.
• In infected pulps, RvE1 suppressed inflammation, reduced bacterial invasion, and prevented apical periodontitis, though proregenerative effects were limited.

Conclusions:

• Topical RvE1 treatment promotes dental pulp regeneration by enhancing Axin2-expressing cell proliferation and differentiation.
• RvE1 modulates inflammation resolution, reduces infection severity, and prevents apical periodontitis.
• RvE1 presents a promising novel therapeutic for endodontic diseases.