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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:32

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA
13:00

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA

Published on: December 2, 2009

In vitro processing of B. mori transfer RNA precursor molecules.

R L Garber, S Altman

    Cell
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ribonuclease P (RNAase P) and 3'-5' nuclease in silkworm cells process tRNA precursors. RNAase P removes 5' nucleotides, while a 3'-5' nuclease trims 3' nucleotides in a two-step maturation process.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • RNA Processing

    Background:

    • Ribonuclease P (RNAase P) and 3 -5 nuclease are essential for tRNA synthesis in E. coli.
    • These enzymatic activities are also present in the silkgland cells of Bombyx mori.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role and characteristics of RNAase P and 3 -5 nuclease in Bombyx mori tRNA synthesis.
    • To elucidate the mechanism of pre-tRNA maturation in silkworm cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Subcellular extracts from Bombyx mori silkgland cells were used.
    • Cleavage assays were performed using E. coli and Bombyx mori pre-tRNAs.
    • RNA fingerprinting and 5 terminal phosphate analysis were employed.
    • Sequence analysis of in vitro processing intermediates was conducted.

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    Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA
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    Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

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    A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA
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    Published on: December 2, 2009

    An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes
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    An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes

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    Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA
    08:17

    Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

    Published on: July 9, 2021

    Main Results:

    • Bombyx mori RNAase P cleaved E. coli pre-tRNAs similarly to the E. coli enzyme.
    • Bombyx mori RNAase P did not cleave non-tRNA substrates.
    • Bombyx mori pre-tRNAs possess extra 5 and 3 nucleotides.
    • Crude extracts removed both extra nucleotides, while purified RNAase P only removed 5 nucleotides.
    • Only large silkworm pre-tRNAs were substrates for Bombyx mori RNAase P.

    Conclusions:

    • Bombyx mori RNAase P and 3 -5 nuclease cooperate in pre-tRNA maturation.
    • Pre-tRNA processing occurs in a two-step manner: 5 nucleotide removal by RNAase P, followed by 3 nucleotide trimming by a 3 -5 nuclease.