Electromotive Drug Administration in the Porcine Renal Pelvis: First Report

Electromotive Drug Administration (EMDA) amplifies drug delivery deep into targeted tissues. We tested, for the first time, the ability of EMDA to deliver methylene blue into the urothelium of the renal pelvis. In an anesthetized female pig, both proximal ureters were transected two inches distal to the ureteropelvic junction. An 8F dual lumen catheter and a 5F fenestrated catheter with an indwelling silver wire were inserted into both renal pelvises following which methylene blue (0.1%) was infused at a rate of 5 mL/min for 20 minutes. In one pelvis, a 4 mA positive pulsed electrical current was applied to the silver wire. In contrast to the control pelvis, the EMDA side macroscopically exhibited dense homogeneous staining; microscopy revealed penetration of methylene blue into the urothelium/lamina propria. In the porcine renal pelvis, application of EMDA increased the penetration of a charged molecule into the urothelium/lamina propria.