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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces

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Nonequilibrium interfacial properties of chemically driven fluids.

Yongick Cho¹, William M Jacobs¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|October 16, 2023

Summary

Chemically driven fluids form droplets with unique properties. Non-equilibrium interfacial tension can be tuned by altering reaction rates within droplets, as explained by effective thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Chemical Physics
Soft Matter Physics

Background:

Chemically driven fluids can demix into droplets exhibiting non-equilibrium behaviors.
Differential chemical reactions inside and outside droplets create unique interfacial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how non-equilibrium conditions affect interfacial tension in phase-separated systems.
To model changes in interfacial tension driven by chemical reactions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a minimal model for simulations.
Studied droplet nucleation and interface roughness.
Developed a predictive theory based on effective thermodynamic equilibrium.

Main Results:

Non-equilibrium interfacial tension can increase or decrease compared to equilibrium values.
Changes in interfacial tension depend on the acceleration or deceleration of driven chemical reactions within droplets.
Simulations confirmed theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

Interfacial tension in chemically driven systems is sensitive to reaction kinetics.
A framework of effective thermodynamic equilibrium can predict these non-equilibrium phenomena.
This study offers insights into the behavior of active matter and soft materials.