Dynamic Regulation of the Interfacial pH for Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

An electrolyte additive, with convenient operation and remarkable functions, has been regarded as an effective strategy for prolonging the cycle life of aqueous zinc ion batteries. However, it is still difficult to dynamically regulate the unstable Zn interface during long-term cycling. Herein, tricine was introduced as an efficient regulator to achieve a pH-stable and byproduct-free interface. The functional zwitterion of tricine not only inhibits interfacial pH perturbation and parasitic reactions by the trapping effect of an anionic group (-COO^-) but also simultaneously creates a uniform electric field by the electrostatic shielding effect of a cationic group (-NH₂⁺). Such synergy accordingly eliminates dendrite formation and creates a chemical equilibrium in the electrolyte, endowing the Zn||Zn cell with long-term Zn plating/stripping for 2060 h at 5 mA cm^-2 and 720 h at 10 mA cm^-2. As a result, the Zn||VS₂ full cell under a high cathodic loading mass (8.6 mg cm^-2) exhibits exceptional capacity retention of 93% after 1000 cycles.