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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Sequencing Systemic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Ben Ponvilawan1, Marc T Roth2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|October 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) regimens are preferred for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over sorafenib, offering superior survival. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab are top choices, with ongoing research for other settings and biomarkers.

Keywords:
Hepatocellular carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorSystemic therapyTargeted therapyTreatment sequence

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment
  • Immunotherapy in Oncology
  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Background:

  • Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has multiple approved treatment options.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-containing regimens demonstrate superior overall survival (OS) compared to sorafenib for first-line HCC treatment, particularly in hepatitis virus-related cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging treatment strategies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To discuss the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in various HCC settings.
  • To highlight the challenges and future directions in HCC management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical trial data on HCC treatments.
  • Analysis of first-line and later-line treatment options, including ICIs and TKIs.
  • Discussion of biomarkers and future research directions in HCC therapy.

Main Results:

  • ICI-containing regimens, specifically atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab, are recommended first-line treatments for unresectable HCC unless contraindicated.
  • Sorafenib remains a key option for select Child-Pugh B HCC patients, with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab under investigation.
  • TKIs show potential in post-transplant recurrence and later-line settings, while biomarker utility for ICI response is inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • First-line treatment for unresectable HCC should prioritize ICI-containing regimens due to superior OS.
  • Further research is needed to optimize later-line treatments, biomarker use, and ICI safety in specific HCC populations like post-transplant recurrence.
  • Personalized treatment strategies, potentially including TKIs and genetic mutation analysis, are crucial for advancing HCC care.