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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

120
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II01:25

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Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I01:26

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A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Related Experiment Video

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A New Framework for Dementia Nomenclature.

Ronald C Petersen1, Sandra Weintraub2, Marwan Sabbagh3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

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Summary

Standardizing neurodegenerative disease nomenclature is crucial for clear communication. A new framework separates clinical symptoms from underlying causes, improving dementia diagnosis and research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Terminology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Inconsistent nomenclature for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer disease and dementia hinders clinical care, research, and therapeutic development.
  • Dementia-associated stigma exacerbates imprecise language, causing confusion among patients, the public, and researchers.
  • The National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease initiated efforts to improve nomenclature standards.

Approach:

  • The Dementia Nomenclature Initiative convened stakeholder working groups (clinicians, researchers, public) and conducted a comprehensive literature review (2000-2020).
  • Focus groups with individuals living with dementia and diverse ethnic caregivers provided input on the meaning of dementia-related terms.
  • A narrative literature review examined nomenclature evolution over the past century across major databases.

Key Points:

  • A novel framework was developed, distinguishing clinical presentation (domains of impairment) from underlying pathophysiology.
  • Clinical impairment is graded (none to severe) across cognitive, behavioral, motor, and other neurologic features.
  • Biomarker information is used to explain the syndrome and identify potential disease labels (e.g., Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal degeneration).

Conclusions:

  • The Dementia Nomenclature Initiative established a framework to standardize communication regarding cognitive impairment in older adults.
  • Further testing and refinement of this framework are essential for improving information use in clinical, research, and public health settings.
  • This initiative aims to enhance clarity and reduce confusion in dementia-related terminology.