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Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Gabriel Barreto1, Gabriel P Esteves1, Felipe Marticorena1
1Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group-Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|October 16, 2023
Summary
Caffeine enhances exercise performance in individuals with CYP1A2 genotypes AA and AC, but impairs performance in CC genotype. Dosage and timing influence outcomes for the CC genotype.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacogenetics
- Exercise Physiology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- The cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme metabolizes caffeine.
- Individual differences in CYP1A2 genotypes may affect caffeine's ergogenic effects.
- Existing research presents conflicting findings on genotype-specific responses to caffeine for exercise.
Approach:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across six databases for studies on caffeine and exercise performance related to CYP1A2 genotypes.
- Three-level meta-analyses and meta-regressions were employed to analyze the effects of caffeine on exercise outcomes, considering genotype, dosage, and timing.
- Placebo-controlled data were analyzed to identify potential baseline differences between genotypes.
Key Points:
- Caffeine improved exercise performance in CYP1A2 genotypes AA and AC, but worsened it in CC.
- Dosage and timing of caffeine supplementation significantly moderated performance outcomes specifically for the CC genotype.
- Reported conflicts of interest (RCOI) in studies influenced the results for the CC genotype, and their exclusion removed genotype-specific effects.
Conclusions:
- CYP1A2 genotype plays a role in the acute effects of caffeine on exercise performance.
- Dosage and timing are critical factors influencing caffeine's efficacy in individuals with the CC genotype.
- Caution is warranted when interpreting results due to potential baseline genotypic differences and the impact of RCOI in published studies.
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