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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Published on: December 3, 2013

Real-Time High-Resolution MRI Endoscopy at up to 10 Frames per Second.

Xiaoyang Liu^1,2, Parag Karmarkar², Dirk Voit³

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA.

|October 18, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) endoscopy now achieves real-time speeds, offering improved visualization of atherosclerosis without ionizing radiation. This breakthrough enables faster, more sensitive disease assessment compared to current imaging methods.

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Published on: May 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Cardiovascular Research
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Atherosclerosis poses significant health risks, necessitating advanced imaging for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Current imaging techniques like optical endoscopy, ultrasound, and X-ray lack sensitivity for detailed disease characterization.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) endoscopy offers potential for deeper vessel imaging but suffers from slow speeds.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop high-resolution MRI endoscopy with real-time imaging capabilities.
To achieve imaging speeds comparable to existing endoscopic modalities for practical clinical application.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of intravascular (3mm) transmit-receive MRI endoscopes for accelerated radial-projection MRI.
Utilization of graphics processor units for iterative nonlinear reconstruction, enabling real-time visualization.
Performance of MRI endoscopy at 6-10 frames/sec and 200-300 μm resolution in human and animal arterial samples.

Main Results:

Achieved high-speed MRI endoscopy (6-10 frames/sec) with resolution comparable to slower methods.
Demonstrated feasibility of real-time MRI endoscopy in vivo in a large animal model.
Observed a 20-30 fold speed-up with minor trade-offs in image similarity indices (MI, 3-SSIM) compared to reference scans.

Conclusions:

High-resolution MRI endoscopy can now operate at frame rates competitive with X-ray and optical endoscopy.
This technology presents a promising alternative for minimally invasive vascular imaging.
Leverages MRI's soft-tissue contrast and avoids ionizing radiation, enhancing patient safety and diagnostic capability.