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An upper-crust lid over the Long Valley magma chamber
Ettore Biondi1, Weiqiang Zhu1, Jiaxuan Li1
1California Institute of Technology, Seismological Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Science Advances
|October 18, 2023
Summary
Geophysical imaging reveals Long Valley Caldera's magma chamber at 12 km depth. This study clarifies that fluid exsolution from the magma, not magma intrusion, drives volcanic unrest and uplift.
Area of Science:
- Geophysics
- Volcanology
- Seismology
Background:
- Caldera unrest, characterized by uplift and seismicity, is a critical hazard.
- The driving mechanism for Long Valley Caldera's unrest is debated, with hypotheses including fluid release or magma intrusion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To geophysically characterize the subsurface structure of Long Valley Caldera.
- To determine the source of unrest, including uplift and seismicity, in Long Valley Caldera.
Main Methods:
- Utilized distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data from a 100-km fiber-optic cable.
- Imaged the subsurface structure of the caldera using DAS data.
Main Results:
- Identified a clear separation between the shallow hydrothermal system and the magma chamber.
- Located the magma chamber at approximately 12-kilometer depth.
- Provided evidence for fluid exsolution via second boiling as the cause of unrest.
Conclusions:
- Fluid exsolution from the magma chamber, through second boiling, is the primary driver of Long Valley Caldera's observed uplift and seismicity.
- Distinguishes the roles of the hydrothermal system and the deep magma chamber in caldera dynamics.
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