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Ergot on cereal grains.

K Lorenz

    CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ergot fungus contaminates grains, causing historical human ergotism. Modern agricultural practices and grain standards minimize human risk, though animal ergotism persists, with ongoing research into ergot alkaloids

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    Area of Science:

    • Mycology and Plant Pathology
    • Toxicology and Pharmacology
    • Agricultural Science

    Background:

    • Ergot, caused by Claviceps species fungus, affects numerous plants globally and has historically caused widespread human ergotism due to contaminated cereal grains.
    • While strict grain standards and agricultural practices have drastically reduced human ergotism outbreaks, the fungus remains prevalent, posing potential risks undetectable by routine laboratory analysis.
    • Human ergotism is now rare, but ergotism in livestock remains a frequent occurrence, highlighting significant knowledge gaps regarding animal tolerance and toxicity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical impact of ergot contamination in cereal grains on human and animal health.
    • To discuss current agricultural and processing strategies for mitigating ergot risks.
    • To explore the ongoing challenges and future potential of ergot alkaloids in medicine.

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    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of historical records, agricultural practices, and toxicological studies related to ergot.
    • Analysis of current grain quality control standards and their effectiveness.
    • Examination of research on ergot alkaloid pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications.

    Main Results:

    • Historical ergotism outbreaks caused significant human mortality, but modern controls have largely eliminated this risk in commercial food supplies.
    • Ergot contamination can occur at levels not easily detected in routine laboratory evaluations, necessitating continued vigilance in grain production.
    • Significant unanswered questions remain regarding livestock tolerance and the effects of chronic low-level ergot ingestion.
    • Ergot alkaloids are valuable pharmacologically, with established uses in internal medicine and obstetrics, and potential future applications.

    Conclusions:

    • While human ergotism is largely a historical concern due to improved agricultural and food safety measures, ergot remains a persistent issue, particularly for animal health.
    • Further research is critical to understand livestock susceptibility and the long-term effects of ergot exposure in animals.
    • Ergot alkaloids represent a significant source of pharmacologically active compounds with ongoing and future therapeutic potential, including novel applications like contraceptives.