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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging

Published on: April 18, 2025

Machine learning-based spatial data development for optimizing astronomical observatory sites in Indonesia.

Anjar Dimara Sakti¹, Muhammad Rizky Zakiar², Cokro Santoso²

¹Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Science Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.

|October 20, 2023

Summary

This study identifies optimal locations for astronomical observatories in Indonesia by integrating physical, atmospheric, and pollution data. Eighteen sites are recommended across the archipelago to advance astronomical research and activities.

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Area of Science:

Astronomy
Geospatial Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Astronomical observatory construction is crucial for research, education, and tourism.
Indonesia's diverse geography presents unique challenges and opportunities for observatory siting.
Previous studies often lacked integrated analyses of physical, atmospheric, and pollution factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop siting distribution scenarios for astronomical observatories in Indonesia.
To integrate physical and atmospheric suitability indexes with machine learning and climate models.
To consider equitable distribution of low air pollution risk in optimal observatory construction scenarios.

Main Methods:

Suitability analysis integrating physical and atmospheric observatory indexes.
Application of machine learning models and long-term climate models.
Siting distribution scenarios based on longitude/latitude divisions and air pollution risk assessment.

Main Results:

Indonesia generally shows high suitability and low air pollution risk, with exceptions in certain regions.
Java, east Sumatra, and parts of Kalimantan exhibit low astronomical suitability and high air pollution risk.
Eighteen potential observatory locations were identified across Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and Papua.

Conclusions:

The study provides a comprehensive, integrated approach for optimal observatory site selection.
Consideration of both astronomical suitability and air pollution risk is vital for effective siting.
The recommended sites can optimize Indonesia's potential for astronomical research and activities.