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Family History and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A National Multiregister Case-Control Study
Rasmus G Jakobsson1,2, Salmir Nasic3,4, Ola Bratt5,6
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
The Journal of Urology
|October 20, 2023
Summary
A family history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) approximately doubles an individual's risk of developing the disease, with women experiencing a higher risk increase. A family history of RCC may indicate a need for screening, especially for those with multiple affected relatives.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a significant health concern.
- Understanding risk factors, such as family history, is crucial for prevention and early detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between a family history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the risk of developing RCC.
- To explore potential differences in this association based on sex and age.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Renal Cell Cancer Database Sweden (2005-2014).
- Included 9,416 RCC cases and matched controls, linked to national registers.
- Analyzed the association between first-degree relative (FDR) history of RCC and RCC risk, stratified by sex and age.
Main Results:
- 3.1% of RCC cases had at least one first-degree relative (FDR) with RCC.
- Having one or more FDRs with RCC approximately doubled the risk (OR 1.9).
- The risk increase was higher for women (OR 2.4) than for men (OR 1.6).
- Two or more FDRs were associated with a sixfold increased risk.
- Familial RCC was linked to bilateral and multifocal tumors.
Conclusions:
- A family history of RCC significantly increases an individual's risk.
- Women with a family history of RCC face a proportionally higher risk increase.
- Individuals with two or more FDRs with RCC represent a high-risk group potentially benefiting from screening.
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