Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Condition-specific neural signatures of reactivation during post-retrieval rest: An EEG study.

iScience·2026
Same author

Artificial light pollution disrupts sleep and neuronal genomic stability in wild reef fish.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Propensity-Adjusted Analysis Evaluating Early Discharge Within 2 Days After Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: Insights From a Decade-Long National Surgical Quality Improvement Database.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same author

IL-22 from enteroendocrine cells promotes early-life gut motility in zebrafish through the microbiota.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Targeting eIF4A-dependent translation in genetically complex sarcoma.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

Early neurodevelopmental brain perfusion abnormalities and functional connectivity findings in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators
12:19

Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators

Published on: November 19, 2014

14.9K

Radial astrocyte synchronization modulates the visual system during behavioral-state transitions.

Alejandro Uribe-Arias1, Rotem Rozenblat2, Ehud Vinepinsky1

  • 1Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.

Neuron
|October 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Radial astrocytes (RAs) synchronize after zebrafish escape behaviors, modulated by the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine circuit. This neuro-glial interaction influences neuronal activity and supports freezing behavior during state transitions.

Keywords:
behavioral statesfunctional connectivityglialocus coeruleusneuronal circuitsoptic tectumoptogeneticstwo-photon calcium imagingvisual systemzebrafish

More Related Videos

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes
10:10

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes

Published on: October 4, 2018

8.9K
Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators
12:19

Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators

Published on: November 19, 2014

14.9K
Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes
10:10

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes

Published on: October 4, 2018

8.9K
Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Glial Biology
  • Zebrafish Model Systems

Background:

  • Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, are increasingly recognized for their role in brain computations beyond neuronal support.
  • The excitable nature of astrocytes suggests they may actively influence neural circuits and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of radial astrocyte (RA) excitability in brain computations and motor behaviors.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying RA activity and its impact on neuronal networks in zebrafish larvae.

Main Methods:

  • Two-photon Ca2+ imaging in zebrafish larvae expressing GCaMP in neurons and RAs.
  • Optogenetics, laser ablations, and a genetically encoded norepinephrine sensor to probe circuit mechanisms.
  • Analysis of neuronal activity, direction selectivity, and functional correlations.

Main Results:

  • RAs in the optic tectum exhibit synchronized Ca2+ transients immediately following escape behaviors.
  • These RA synchronous events are mediated by the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine circuit.
  • RA synchronization modulated neuronal direction selectivity and long-distance functional correlations without direct excitation/inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • LC-mediated neuro-glial interactions involving RAs play a critical role in modulating visual system processing.
  • This mechanism facilitates behavioral state transitions, specifically supporting freezing behavior after an alerted state.
  • Demonstrates a novel pathway for glial cells to influence neural computation and behavior.