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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
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Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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A Process-Based Analysis of Cognitive Defusion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.

Daniel A Assaz1, Ian Tyndall2, Claudia K B Oshiro1

  • 1University of São Paulo.

Behavior Therapy
|October 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive defusion, a key part of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), is redefined for better clinical use. This revised concept clarifies its link to basic behavioral principles, enhancing its practical application in psychotherapy.

Keywords:
ACTacceptance and commitment therapybehavioral processescognitive defusionmiddle-level terms

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychotherapy

Background:

  • Cognitive defusion is a core component of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
  • Middle-level terms like defusion can aid in disseminating behavior science but may lack precision.
  • Clinicians require clearly defined terms linked to basic behavioral concepts for effective practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the pragmatic utility of cognitive defusion.
  • To provide a more nuanced, multifaceted, and process-based definition of defusion.
  • To strengthen the link between defusion and fundamental behavioral concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic survey of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) literature on defusion.
  • Critical examination of defusion through conceptual analysis.
  • Revision and updating of the conceptualization of defusion.

Main Results:

  • Defusion is conceptualized as an outcome rather than a single process.
  • The revised definition clarifies the relationship between defusion and basic behavioral concepts.
  • Multiple processes can lead to the outcome of defusion.

Conclusions:

  • The enhanced conceptualization of cognitive defusion increases its pragmatic utility for clinicians.
  • Defusion's link to basic behavioral science is strengthened, improving its precision.
  • This work supports the effective application and dissemination of ACT principles.