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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
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Core training and performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Ángela Rodríguez-Perea1, Waleska Reyes-Ferrada2, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga1,2

  • 1Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Biology of Sport
|October 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Core training significantly enhances athletic performance, particularly improving balance and jumping ability in healthy individuals. While it shows positive trends for throwing and hitting, further research is needed to confirm these effects.

Keywords:
BalanceCore stabilityJumpThrowTrunkVelocity

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science and Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Core strength is crucial for athletic performance, influencing stability and power transfer.
  • The specific effects of core training on various performance metrics require comprehensive synthesis.
  • Understanding differences between isolated and combined core training can optimize programming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the scientific evidence on core training's impact on balance, throwing/hitting velocity/distance, and jumping in healthy subjects.
  • To identify potential differences between isolated and combined core training protocols.
  • To examine training and sample variables influencing performance outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of Scopus, Web of Science, Sports Discuss, and PubMed databases was conducted until November 2022, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Included studies were randomized controlled trials or randomized allocation studies involving healthy subjects over 12 years old, with core training programs of at least 4 weeks.
  • Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and GRADE approach; 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • Core training demonstrated significant improvements in balance (ES = 1.17, p < 0.0001).
  • Significant improvements were observed in throwing/hitting distance (ES = 3.42, p = 0.03), vertical jump (ES = 0.69, p = 0.0003), and horizontal jump (ES = 0.84, p = 0.01).
  • Throwing/hitting velocity showed a positive trend (ES = 0.30, p = 0.14).

Conclusions:

  • Core training is an effective intervention for enhancing athletic performance, particularly balance and jumping.
  • The findings support the inclusion of core strengthening exercises in training programs for athletes.
  • Further investigation into throwing/hitting velocity is warranted to confirm the observed trend.