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Validity and Reliability of a Modified Seated Athletic Shoulder Test Using a Functional Electromechanical

Ignacio J Chirosa-Ríos1, Dario Martínez-García1, Luis J Chirosa-Ríos1

  • 1Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

The modified seated athletic shoulder (ASH) test using an electromechanical dynamometer is reliable and valid for assessing upper limb isometric strength. However, results are not interchangeable with the traditional prone force platform test due to systematic bias.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • The traditional athletic shoulder (ASH) test assesses upper limb isometric strength in a prone position using a force platform.
  • This prone position may lack functional relevance, and force platforms are not portable.
  • A seated electromechanical dynamometer offers a potentially valid, reliable, and portable alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the between-session reliability and concurrent validity of a modified seated ASH test using an electromechanical dynamometer.
  • To compare the electromechanical dynamometer results with the traditional prone force platform ASH test.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, repeated-measures design was employed.
  • Thirty-four active university students completed ASH assessments using both a force platform (prone) and an electromechanical dynamometer (seated).
Keywords:
dynamometryisometric testingmeasurement agreementreproducibilityshoulder strength

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  • Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation; validity was assessed using Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman analyses.

    • Main Results:

    • The electromechanical dynamometer demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = .91-.97) across various positions.
    • The force platform also showed good to excellent reliability (ICC = .83-.91) but with higher variability.
    • Both devices showed strong correlations (r = .77-.87), but Bland-Altman analyses revealed systematic bias (18-28 N) and nontrivial limits of agreement, indicating different absolute force values.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified seated ASH test with an electromechanical dynamometer is reliable and strongly associated with the traditional test for assessing upper limb isometric strength.
    • Due to systematic bias and nontrivial limits of agreement, forces derived from the electromechanical dynamometer and force platform should not be considered interchangeable for absolute strength quantification.