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Gross Anatomy of the Liver

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...

Liver Histology

Liver Histology

The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...

Hepatic Portal System

Hepatic Portal System

The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...

Liver Physiology

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...

Liver Regeneration

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

Published on: March 10, 2023

Geographic Liver.

Ariya Natarajan¹, Anjali R Daniel², Rohan K Mangal³

¹Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.

|October 23, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A computed tomography scan revealed a "geographic liver" pattern in a patient with mild symptoms. This finding highlights the significance of hepatic steatosis and its link to metabolic syndrome.

Keywords:

fatty liver geographic liver hepatic steatosis (masld)masld metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (mash)

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Area of Science:

Radiology
Hepatology
Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

Computed tomography (CT) is a vital imaging modality in diagnosing liver conditions.
Hepatic steatosis, or fatty liver disease, is increasingly prevalent globally.
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

Observation:

A specific "geographic liver" pattern was observed on CT scan.
The patient presented with a relatively benign clinical condition.
This pattern is indicative of hepatic steatosis.

Findings:

The "geographic liver" appearance on CT is a significant radiologic finding.
Hepatic steatosis can manifest with distinct imaging characteristics.
This pattern is associated with metabolic syndrome.

Implications:

Recognizing the "geographic liver" pattern is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
Understanding the association with metabolic syndrome aids in patient risk stratification.
This highlights the importance of integrating imaging findings with clinical context for comprehensive patient care.