Occupational physical activity: the good, the bad, and the proinflammatory

Area of Science:

• Occupational Health
• Inflammation Research
• Public Health

Background:

• Physical activity (PA) generally reduces inflammation and risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer.
• However, high levels of occupational PA (OPA) have been linked to increased inflammation and mortality.
• This review examines the complex relationship between OPA, inflammation, and health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current knowledge on the association between inflammation and OPA.
• To explore the health and mortality implications of OPA.
• To identify potential interventions for mitigating adverse effects of OPA.

Main Methods:

• A mini-review of literature published before January 2023.
• Inclusion of observational studies on immunological effects of high vs. low OPA.
• Inclusion of systematic reviews for secondary outcomes on morbidity and mortality.

Main Results:

• Moderate OPA and active occupations show beneficial anti-inflammatory effects.
• Low (sedentary) and high-intensity OPA (heavy lifting) are associated with inflammation and increased CVD and cancer mortality.
• Higher leisure-time PA consistently correlates with lower proinflammatory markers and reduced all-cause mortality.

Conclusions:

• OPA intensity and classification are heterogeneous in studies, complicating direct comparisons.
• Sedentary and heavy OPA likely promote proinflammatory effects.
• Workplace interventions, management of work strain, and promotion of leisure-time PA are recommended for occupational health providers.