Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ co-activated core@shell nanoarchitectures: tunable upconversion luminescence and high-security...

Currently, developing advanced optoelectronic materials is of great importance to solving serious problem of fake and shoddy products. Lanthanide-doped nanomaterials are particularly suitable for addressing this issue, but limited by the realization of multiple upconverison (UC) emissions upon a single-wavelength laser excitation. Herein, it is proven that the co-dopant of blue/near-infrared (NIR)-emitting activators (Tm³⁺) and green/red-emitting centers (Er³⁺) in a particular designed core-shell nanoarchitecture allows the achievement of multiple luminescence over wide spectral region for optical security. In our study, cubic-phased NaYbF₄:Tm/Er@CaF₂ nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized through a layer-by-layer coprecipitation strategy, which presents visible multicolor UC luminescence and invisible NIR UC emission upon 980 nm laser excitation by just regulating the laser power and temperature. Significantly, the unique luminescent characteristics enables the designed UC nanoparticles a promising candidate for advanced anti-counterfeiting. This works offers a reference to develop advanced optoelectronic materials for practical application in optical security.