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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Recent Updates on Tinnitus Management.

Ho Yun Lee1, Da Jung Jung2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Audiology & Otology
|October 24, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers updated tinnitus evaluations and treatments, including therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy and sound therapy. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of emerging interventions for tinnitus relief.

Keywords:
Cognitive behavioral therapyCounselingDrug therapyHearing aidsNeurofeedbackTinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neurology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Tinnitus, characterized by auditory perception without external stimuli, significantly impacts quality of life.
  • Evaluation involves medical history, audiological assessment, and psychosomatic comorbidity investigation.
  • Numerous therapeutic strategies exist, ranging from established therapies to novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in tinnitus evaluation.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatment modalities for tinnitus management.
  • To highlight areas requiring further research in tinnitus care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent updates on tinnitus evaluation and treatment.
  • Analysis of established and novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Discussion of the role of audiological and psychological assessments.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive evaluation includes medical history, audiological tests, and psychosomatic assessments.
  • Therapeutic options include cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, and music therapy.
  • Hearing aids, cochlear implants, neuromodulation, and neurofeedback show potential.
  • Pharmacotherapy and dietary supplements have uncertain roles.
  • Emerging therapies include virtual reality, smartphone apps, and photobiomodulation.

Conclusions:

  • Current tinnitus evaluation is multi-faceted, incorporating audiological and psychological aspects.
  • A range of therapeutic interventions, from behavioral to technological, are available for tinnitus management.
  • Further research is essential to validate the efficacy and long-term outcomes of novel tinnitus treatments.