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Biomolecular condensates form spatially inhomogeneous network fluids.

Furqan Dar, Samuel R Cohen, Diana M Mitrea

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |October 24, 2023
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    Biomolecular condensates, essential for cell function, exhibit complex internal structures. This study reveals these structures are network fluids with distinct molecular densities, influencing dynamics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Cell Biology
    • Structural Biology

    Background:

    • Biomolecular condensates' functions are linked to their material properties, dictated by internal molecular organization.
    • Structural characterization of these condensates is difficult and infrequently reported.

    Approach:

    • Utilized small angle neutron scattering, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and molecular dynamics simulations.
    • Developed model condensates from nucleolar granular components (GCs) for structural analysis.

    Key Points:

    • GC-derived condensates form network fluids with spatial inhomogeneities at multiple length scales.
    • These inhomogeneities arise from distinct protein and peptide domains.
    • A coexistence of liquid- and gas-like densities leads to bimodal internal molecular dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • The internal organization of biomolecular condensates resembles network fluids.
    • This structure suggests condensates formed by multivalent proteins share characteristics with colloidal systems.