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Persistent Brain Connectivity Changes in Healthy Volunteers Following Nitrous Oxide Inhalation.

Ben Julian A Palanca1,2,3,4,5,6, Charles R Conway2,5, Thomas Zeffiro7

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science
|October 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) inhalation alters brain connectivity in healthy adults, strengthening connections between visual and attention networks for at least 24 hours. This study characterizes the persistent neurophysiological effects of N2O.

Keywords:
DepressionFunctional connectivityFunctional magnetic resonance imagingKetamineNMDA receptorNitrous oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Nitrous oxide (N2O) shows potential for treating major depressive disorder.
  • Its effects are compared to ketamine due to psychotropic properties and NMDA receptor antagonism.
  • Persistent brain effects of N2O remain uncharacterized despite its use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the persistent neurophysiological effects of nitrous oxide (N2O) on brain connectivity in healthy volunteers.
  • To characterize changes in functional brain connectivity following N2O inhalation using fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, crossover study involving 16 healthy volunteers.
  • Participants inhaled either 50% N2O/oxygen or air/oxygen for 1 hour.
  • Resting-state fMRI scans were acquired before and 2, 24 hours post-inhalation to measure interregional signal correlations.

Main Results:

  • N2O inhalation led to persistent changes in global brain connectivity, notably in the occipital cortex, up to 24 hours post-inhalation.
  • Significant strengthening of connectivity was observed between the visual network and the dorsal attention network.
  • Weaker connectivity changes were noted with the frontoparietal and default mode networks; air inhalation showed no significant effects.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrous oxide inhalation induces lasting neurophysiological changes in the brain.
  • Persistent increases in global connectivity between visual and dorsal attention networks were observed.
  • These findings suggest N2O causes cortical changes that endure for at least 24 hours.