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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

600
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Electrophiles02:28

Electrophiles

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This lesson explains the definition, classification, and characteristic features of an electrophile that are key features of nucleophilic substitution reactions. An analysis of their charge and orbital picture helps understand their reactivity for seeking electrons. Electrophiles can be classified into positive and neutral species. Other classes include free radicals and polar functional groups.
While a positive electrophile, like a proton, reacts due to its vacant, low-energy 1s orbital, the...
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

6.1K
Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
6.1K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

2.8K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
2.8K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

6.1K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
6.1K
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

4.0K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Calix[4]pyrrole-Based Solid-State Supramolecular Electrolyte.

Jinya Tian1, Jie Ji1, Yaling Zhu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a flexible solid supramolecular electrolyte for solid-state lithium-metal batteries. It enhances ionic conductivity and suppresses dendrite growth, enabling stable cycling for high energy density applications.

Keywords:
calix[4]pyrrolehost-guest chemistrylithium metal batteriessolid-state polymer electrolytessupramolecular electrolyte

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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) face challenges with low ionic conductivity and lithium dendrite suppression.
  • These limitations hinder the development of safe and efficient all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (LMBs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel solid-state supramolecular electrolyte with improved performance for LMBs.
  • To address the limitations of conventional SPEs by incorporating an anion capture agent.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of a phenylboronic acid functionalized calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) as an anion capture agent into a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix.
  • Fabrication and electrochemical testing of the C4P-PEO-LiTFSI solid-state electrolyte.

Main Results:

  • The C4P-PEO-LiTFSI electrolyte achieved high ionic conductivity (1.9 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 60 °C) and a high Li+ transference number (0.70).
  • The assembled Li|C4P-PEO-LiTFSI|LiFePO4 cell demonstrated stable cycling over 1200 cycles at 1 C and 60 °C, with good rate performance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed flexible solid supramolecular electrolyte shows significant promise for high energy density solid-state LMBs.
  • The incorporation of C4P effectively enhances ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, paving the way for safer battery technologies.