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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.1K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.1K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.3K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.3K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.8K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.8K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.6K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
4.6K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

8.2K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
8.2K
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule02:17

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule

14.3K
If a set of reactants can yield multiple constitutional isomers, but one of the isomers is obtained as the major product, the reaction is said to be regioselective. In such reactions, bond formation or breaking is favored at one reaction site over others.
The hydrohalogenation of an unsymmetrical alkene can yield two haloalkane products, depending on which vinylic carbon takes up the halogen. However, one product usually predominates, where hydrogen adds to the vinylic carbon bearing the...
14.3K

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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Defect-Driven Efficient Selective CO2 Hydrogenation with Mo-Based Clusters.

Jiajun Zhang1,2, Kai Feng3, Zhengwen Li3

  • 1National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

JACS Au
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Defective molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) clusters on nitrogen-doped graphene efficiently convert CO2 into synthetic fuels. This breakthrough utilizes Mo defects to enhance catalytic activity and selectivity for the reverse water gas shift reaction.

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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs
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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Climate Change Mitigation

Background:

  • Synthetic fuels from CO2 offer a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
  • The reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction is crucial for CO2 utilization.
  • Molybdenum-based catalysts show promise for RWGS due to stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the origin of high activity in Mo2C catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.
  • To investigate the role of defects in Mo2C catalysts.
  • To develop highly active and selective catalysts for CO2 conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of defected Mo2C clusters supported on nitrogen-doped graphene.
  • Characterization of catalyst structure and properties.
  • Evaluation of catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation (RWGS reaction).

Main Results:

  • Defected Mo2C clusters exhibited exceptional catalytic performance (6.3 gCO/gcat/h at 400 °C) with >99% CO selectivity.
  • Mo defects were identified as the intrinsic origin of high catalytic activity.
  • Catalyst demonstrated superior performance compared to other Mo-based and noble metal catalysts.
  • Atomic magnetism correlated with CO liberation capacity; defects reduced magnetization.
  • Defects neutralized negative charges on surface hydrogen, aiding selective hydrogenation.

Conclusions:

  • Defected Mo2C clusters on nitrogen-doped graphene are highly effective for CO2-selective hydrogenation.
  • Mo defects play a critical role in enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity.
  • Carbon support and carbonization are effective strategies for creating Mo defects, with biochar as a cost-effective option for scalability.