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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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Supernumerary Tooth Patterns in Non-Syndromic White European Subjects.

Eva Henninger1, Luca Friedli1, Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis2

  • 1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.

Dentistry Journal
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the patterns of supernumerary teeth in white Europeans. Most individuals had one or two extra teeth, with males more frequently affected, and specific locations were identified in the jaw.

Keywords:
non-syndromicodontogenesispermanent dentitionsupernumerary toothwhite people

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Human Genetics
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Supernumerary teeth occur in approximately 3% of the population, with varying prevalence across different ethnic groups.
  • Detailed epidemiological data on the patterns of non-syndromic permanent supernumerary teeth, particularly in white European populations, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the detailed patterns of non-syndromic permanent supernumerary teeth in a white European cohort.
  • To provide a comprehensive assessment of supernumerary tooth prevalence, location, orientation, impaction, and size in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective record review was conducted across multiple orthodontic clinics.
  • Data from 207 individuals with 258 supernumerary teeth were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Supernumerary teeth were more common in males (M:F ratio 1.65) but showed no sexual dimorphism in severity.
  • Maxillary prevalence followed the sequence: 21 > 11 > 12 > 18 > 28; mandibular prevalence: 34 > 44 > 35 > 45 > 42.
  • 74% were impacted, 80% had normal orientation, and 53% were of normal size, with a higher incidence in the maxilla (74%) compared to the mandible.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a thorough pattern assessment of supernumerary teeth in white Europeans.
  • Findings enhance understanding of this condition, offering clinical, developmental, and evolutionary insights.