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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

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The Relationship Between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Orthodontic Treatment Need: A Systematic Review.

Theoklitos Tsaprazlis1, Konstantinos Lappas1, Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis1,2

  • 1School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study found an inconsistent link between Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and orthodontic treatment need. Further research is needed to understand this relationship and guide personalized orthodontic care.

Keywords:
ICONIOTNbody dysmorphic disorderorthodontic indicesorthodonticssystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health and Psychology
  • Medical Research Methodology

Background:

  • Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) involves preoccupation with perceived appearance flaws, impacting healthcare choices.
  • In orthodontics, BDD can create a discrepancy between subjective concerns and objective treatment needs.
  • Orthodontic treatment indices are vital for ensuring interventions are clinically justified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review evidence on the association between BDD and orthodontic treatment need.
  • To appraise the quality of existing studies using established indices.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of five databases up to March 2026.
  • Inclusion of studies evaluating BDD with validated instruments and treatment need with orthodontic indices.
  • Risk of bias assessment using the ROBINS-E tool.

Main Results:

  • Four observational studies were included from 2743 records.
  • Inconsistent findings: negative association with BDD and IOTN-DHC, but no significant relationship with IOTN-AC and ICON.
  • Inconsistent associations with demographic and psychological factors were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests an inconsistent relationship between BDD and orthodontic treatment need.
  • Personalized assessment is crucial for orthodontic decision-making.
  • Limited studies and high risk of bias necessitate further standardized research.