Comparative studies of knapsack, boom, and drone sprayers for weed management in soybean (Glycine max L.)

The study titled, "Comparative Evaluation of Knapsack, Boom, and Drone Sprayers for Weed Management in Soybean (Glycine max L.)" was carried out during the Kharif season 2021-22 at an experimental farm affiliated with the Department of Agronomy, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. The primary objective was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of various sprayers in controlling weeds in soybeans and their work efficiency. The Randomized Block Design (RBD) included ten treatments of pre-emergence (PE) and post-emergence (POE) herbicides applied by knapsack, boom, and drone sprayers. Pendimethalin 30% EC @ 750 g a.i ha^-1 was used for pre-emergence herbicide application, and Imazamox 35% EC + Imazethapyr 35% WG @ 70 g a.i ha^-1 were used for post-emergence. These treatments were tested on soybean Monocot and Dicot weed count, weed dry weight, weed index, and weed control efficiency. The sprayers were compared for time, water, labor, herbicide, and overall work efficiency. A knapsack sprayer showed the best results for pre- and post-emergence herbicide application, with the lowest weed count, dry weight, control efficiency, and weed index. Boom and drone sprayers followed in effectiveness. Herbicide application was faster with the drone sprayer than with hand weeding, cultural practices, boom sprayer, and knapsack sprayer. Compared to knapsack and boom sprayers, the drone sprayer used less water and labour. Drone sprayers work most efficiently, followed by boom and knapsack sprayers. This study focuses on the prevalence of herbicides and their impact on non-target ecosystems. It aims to develop mitigation strategies by optimizing spraying efficiency and reducing herbicide usage during pre and post emergence. The dissemination of efficient weed management practices that reduce environmental impacts and increase the efficiency of soybean cultivation is consistent with Sustainable Development Goal 15: life on land.