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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft01:23

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Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
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Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
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Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower...
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A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is...
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Correction: Kang et al. Fluid Flow to Electricity: Capturing Flow-Induced Vibrations with Micro-Electromechanical-System-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester. <i>Micromachines</i> 2024, <i>15</i>, 581.

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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
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Minimum Quantity Lubrication Jet Noise: Passive Control.

Xiaodong Hu1,2, Junhao Yu1,2, Yuanlong Li1,2

  • 1College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.

Micromachines
|October 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Micro-grooved nozzles significantly reduce jet noise in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) by disrupting vortex structures. This innovation enhances operator health and safety by lowering overall sound pressure levels.

Keywords:
jet noisemicro-grooveminimum quantity lubricationpassive control

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Jet noise in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) poses significant risks to operator health and well-being.
  • Existing MQL nozzles lack effective noise reduction mechanisms, necessitating innovative solutions.
  • Biological micro-grooves offer a potential model for aerodynamic noise mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the noise reduction mechanism of a novel micro-grooved nozzle inspired by biological structures.
  • To numerically analyze the flow field and acoustic characteristics of original and micro-grooved nozzles.
  • To determine the influence of micro-groove dimensions (length, width, depth) on jet noise reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the flow field and acoustic characteristics.
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and acoustic analysis were performed on both standard and micro-grooved nozzles.
  • Overall sound pressure level (OASPL) tests were conducted for experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Jet noise originates from large-scale vortex ring structures and associated pressure fluctuations.
  • Micro-groove width (W) and depth (δ) positively correlate with noise reduction, while length (L) increases noise.
  • A maximum noise reduction of 6.66 dB was achieved, primarily influenced by micro-groove depth (δ).

Conclusions:

  • Micro-grooves enhance airflow mixing within the nozzle, promoting vortex breakdown into smaller scales.
  • The micro-grooved nozzle effectively reduces sound pressure levels (SPL) at middle and high frequencies.
  • This bio-inspired design offers a promising strategy for mitigating jet noise in MQL systems.