Development and Validation of a Clinical Practicum Transition Shock Scale (CPT-Shock) for Korean Nursing Students

Clinical practice is an important educational tool for nursing students, and their emotions during clinical practice should be accurately understood. This study aimed to develop and verify the validity and reliability of a clinical practicum transition shock scale (CPT-shock) to measure Korean nursing students' emotional responses when transitioning from a theoretical learning process to clinical practice. This research design was a methodological study and the content, construct, criterion validity, and reliability of the items were verified. Content validity was evaluated by seven experts. The preliminary survey was conducted on 24 nursing students, and the factor analysis was conducted on 331 nursing students in various regions of Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the model fit (χ²/df = 1.741, GFI = 0.930, AGFI = 0.902, NFI = 0.869, TLI = 0.923, CFI = 0.938, RMR = 0.035, RMSEA = 0.047) and established discrimination and convergence validity. Positive and negative correlations were found with existing transition shock (r = 0.779) and clinical practice adaptation (r = -0.505), respectively (p < 0.001), thus establishing criterion validity. The reliability was good, with a Cronbach's α of 0.85. The clinical practicum transition shock scale reflects nursing students' practice environment and is expected to accurately measure nursing students' unique emotional shock.