Interplay between the Human Microbiome and Biliary Tract Cancer: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Microbiology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Biliary tract cancer (BTC) incidence is rising globally with poor outcomes.
• Microbial exposure is a potential factor in cholangiocarcinoma development.
• The human microbiome plays a crucial role in host health and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current evidence on the biliary tract cancer microbiome.
• To explore mechanisms linking microbiome dysregulation to BTC.
• To discuss the microbiome's role in BTC chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating the biliary tract cancer microbiome.
• Analysis of existing data on the association between microbial alterations and BTC.
• Evaluation of proposed mechanisms of microbiome involvement in BTC pathogenesis.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests a distinct microbiome profile in patients with biliary tract cancer.
• Microbiome dysbiosis may contribute to BTC initiation and progression.
• The microbiome influences host immune responses relevant to cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

• The biliary tract microbiome is significantly altered in cancer patients.
• Targeting the microbiome may offer novel therapeutic strategies for BTC.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the precise role of the microbiome in BTC.