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Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
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Zinc Uptake by HIV-1 Viral Particles: An Isotopic Study.

Olivia Guillin1,2,3,4,5, Emmanuelle Albalat3,4,6, Caroline Vindry1,2,3,4,5

  • 1Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) captures cellular zinc during replication, altering zinc isotope distribution. This study shows zinc isotopes can trace HIV-1's zinc metabolism in future research.

Keywords:
HIV-1MC-ICP-MSisotope fractionationisotope labelingviral particleszinc

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Zinc is essential for cellular and viral proteins, including HIV-1's nucleocapsid NCp7.
  • NCp7's zinc finger motifs concentrate zinc within HIV-1 virions.
  • The impact of HIV-1 production on cellular zinc homeostasis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if HIV-1 production affects cellular zinc homeostasis.
  • To determine if isotopic fractionation of zinc occurs during HIV-1 replication.
  • To explore the potential of using zinc isotopes for tracing zinc in HIV-1 infected cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of zinc content and isotopic fractionation in growth medium, producing cells, and viral particles.
  • Production of HIV-1 in HEK293T cells enriched with specific zinc isotopes.
  • Assessment of viral structure and infectivity in viruses produced under different zinc isotopic conditions.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 virions capture a significant amount of cellular zinc.
  • Isotopic fractionation of zinc occurs, with viruses mirroring the fractionation pattern of producing cells.
  • No significant differences in HIV-1 structure or infectivity were observed when produced with enriched zinc isotopes.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-1 replication significantly impacts cellular zinc homeostasis and leads to zinc isotopic fractionation.
  • Enriched zinc isotopes can be reliably used to trace zinc's fate within HIV-1 infected cells.
  • Understanding zinc uptake by HIV-1 may offer novel therapeutic strategies.