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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.6K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.6K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

14
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
14
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

14
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
14
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

18
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
18
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

9
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
9
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

20
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Evolving Understanding.

Sunanda Tah1,2, Melissa Valderrama3, Maham Afzal4

  • 1Surgery, Beckley Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH) Hospital, Beckley, USA.

Cureus
|October 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) presents diagnostic and treatment challenges. Promising strategies like GnRH agonists and vagal stimulation exist, but no definitive cure for HFpEF is yet available.

Keywords:
diagnosishear failureleft ventricular filling pressurepreserved ejection fractiontreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Science

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent clinical syndrome characterized by elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures despite normal LV ejection fraction.
  • HFpEF is more common and diagnostically/therapeutically challenging than heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
  • Key risk factors include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and comorbidities like atrial fibrillation, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on HFpEF, encompassing its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic difficulties, and existing and novel therapeutic strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of staying updated on the latest HFpEF treatments for optimal patient care.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes current scientific literature on HFpEF.
  • The review covers pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HFpEF.

Main Results:

  • Current treatments for HFpEF are limited, and diagnosis remains challenging.
  • Several novel therapeutic strategies show promise, including GnRH agonists, Apo a-I nanoparticle infusion, low-level transcutaneous vagal stimulation (LLTS), and estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women.
  • These strategies aim to prevent diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF.

Conclusions:

  • Despite promising novel approaches, there is currently no proven curative treatment for HFpEF.
  • Continued research and updates on therapeutic interventions are crucial for managing patients with HFpEF.