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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
13
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

8
IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
8
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

17
Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
17
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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Sorafenib-Induced Capillary Leak Syndrome.

Hyunwoo Kwon1, John Odackal2, Marium Husain3

  • 1Physician Scientist Training Program, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.

Case Reports in Oncology
|October 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sorafenib can cause capillary leak syndrome, a rare condition of endothelial hyperpermeability. This case highlights an atypical presentation without hypotension, emphasizing the need for vigilance in cancer patients.

Keywords:
Capillary leak syndromeCase reportClarkson’s diseaseDesmoid fibromatosisSorafenib

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is a rare, life-threatening disorder characterized by acute endothelial hyperpermeability.
  • Drug-induced CLS is a critical diagnostic consideration in cancer patients, especially those treated with targeted therapies.
  • Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has not been previously associated with CLS.

Observation:

  • A 29-year-old female with a desmoid tumor developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure shortly after initiating sorafenib therapy.
  • The patient presented with extensive pulmonary edema, bilateral pleural effusions, and hemoconcentration.
  • Diagnostic work-up for infectious and cardiac etiologies was negative.

Findings:

  • The clinical presentation and temporal association with sorafenib initiation strongly suggested sorafenib-induced CLS.
  • This case represents an atypical presentation of CLS, notably without preceding or concurrent hypotension.
  • Supportive care, including noninvasive mechanical ventilation and diuresis, led to stabilization of the patient's condition.

Implications:

  • This report expands the known adverse effects of sorafenib to include CLS.
  • It underscores the importance of considering drug-induced CLS in cancer patients presenting with unexplained edema and respiratory distress, even in the absence of hypotension.
  • Early recognition and supportive management are crucial for favorable outcomes in sorafenib-induced CLS.